Perfume: The Story of a Murderer - A Novel and a Movie
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer is a fascinating story that explores the power and mystery of smell, as well as the dark side of human nature. It was first published as a novel by German writer Patrick Süskind in 1985, and later adapted into a movie by German director Tom Tykwer in 2006. Both the novel and the movie have received critical acclaim and have captivated millions of readers and viewers around the world. In this article, we will take a closer look at both the novel and the movie, and see how they tell this extraordinary story in different ways.
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Introduction
What is the novel about?
The novel is set in 18th-century France, and tells the story of Jean-Baptiste Grenouille, a man who is born with an exceptional sense of smell but no scent of his own. He grows up as an orphan and an outcast, and becomes obsessed with capturing and preserving the scents of everything he encounters, especially those of beautiful young women. He learns the art of perfumery from an old master, Baldini, and travels to Grasse, the center of perfume-making, where he discovers a new method of extracting scents from living beings. He then embarks on a murderous quest to create the ultimate perfume, a scent that would make him irresistible to everyone. His final masterpiece is made from the essence of 25 virgins, whom he kills and distills. He is eventually caught and sentenced to death, but he escapes his fate by using his perfume to enchant the crowd and make them worship him. He then travels to Paris, where he meets his end by pouring his perfume over himself and being devoured by a mob of people who mistake him for an angel.
Who are the main characters?
The main characters of the novel are:
Jean-Baptiste Grenouille: The protagonist and anti-hero of the story. He is a genius of smell, but also a sociopath who feels no empathy or love for anyone. He is driven by his desire to create the perfect scent and to find his own identity.
Giuseppe Baldini: A once-famous perfumer who owns a shop on a bridge over the Seine in Paris. He takes Grenouille as his apprentice after being impressed by his talent and helps him learn the basics of perfumery. He also buys Grenouille's apprenticeship from his previous master, Grimal, a cruel tanner who treated Grenouille like a slave.
Antoine Richis: A wealthy merchant and magistrate in Grasse, who is also the father of Laure, one of Grenouille's victims. He is a smart and rational man who suspects that Grenouille is behind the murders and tries to protect his daughter by taking her away from Grasse. However, he fails to prevent Grenouille from finding and killing her.
Laure Richis: The daughter of Antoine Richis, and the most beautiful and innocent girl in Grasse. She has a unique scent that captivates Grenouille, who considers her as his ultimate prize and the final ingredient of his perfume. She is 17 years old and has red hair and green eyes.
What are the main themes?
The novel explores various themes, such as:
The power of smell: The novel shows how smell can influence human emotions, behavior, and memory. It also depicts how smell can be used as a tool of manipulation, seduction, and domination. Grenouille uses his extraordinary sense of smell to create perfumes that can affect people's moods and actions, such as making them feel happy, sad, fearful, or aroused. He also uses his perfume to control and deceive people, such as making them believe that he is someone else or that he is a god.
The quest for identity: The novel portrays Grenouille's struggle to find his own identity and place in the world. He is born without a scent of his own, which makes him feel alienated and invisible. He also lacks a sense of self and a moral compass, which makes him indifferent and cruel. He tries to fill his emptiness by collecting and creating scents, but he never finds satisfaction or happiness. He ultimately realizes that he is nothing but a monster who cannot love or be loved.
The dark side of human nature: The novel exposes the evil and corruption that lurk beneath the surface of society. It shows how people can be greedy, selfish, hypocritical, and violent. It also shows how people can be easily manipulated and deceived by appearances and illusions. Grenouille exploits the weaknesses and flaws of others to achieve his goals, such as killing innocent women, stealing their scents, and escaping justice. He also exposes the hypocrisy and madness of the crowd, who worship him as a saint one moment and devour him as an angel the next.
The Novel
How did Patrick Süskind write the novel?
Patrick Süskind wrote the novel in the early 1980s, after being inspired by a book on the history of perfume. He spent several years researching the topic of smell and perfumery, as well as the historical and cultural background of 18th-century France. He also visited Grasse, the town where most of the novel takes place, and explored its streets, markets, and museums. He wrote the novel in German, his native language, and it was first published in 1985 by Diogenes Verlag in Zurich. The novel was an instant success and became a bestseller in Germany and many other countries. It was translated into more than 40 languages and sold over 20 million copies worldwide.
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How did he describe the scents in words?
One of the most remarkable aspects of the novel is how Süskind manages to describe the scents in words, using vivid and poetic language. He uses various techniques to convey the smells to the reader, such as:
Metaphors and similes: He compares the smells to other things that are more familiar or tangible to the reader, such as colors, sounds, tastes, textures, shapes, or emotions. For example, he describes Grenouille's first scent as "a mixture of citrus peelings from lemons and oranges; it had something of both fruits' freshness but also something sourish-bitter like grapefruit juice" (p. 9).
Synesthesia: He blends different sensory modalities to create a more vivid impression of the smells, such as associating them with sounds, sights, or feelings. For example, he describes a perfume shop as "a symphony in odor" (p. 29), where "the individual scents were so finely blended that one could not tell what ingredients had gone into it" (p. 30).
Personification: He gives human qualities or characteristics to the smells, such as emotions, intentions, or personalities. For example, he describes a scent as "shy" (p. 14), another as "arrogant" (p. 15), and another as "cheerful" (p. 16). He also describes how some smells can "flirt" (p. 16), "caress" (p. 17), or "seduce" (p. 18) with each other or with Grenouille.
How did he portray the protagonist Grenouille?
Süskind portrays Grenouille as a complex and contradictory character, who is both a genius and a monster, a victim and a villain, a human and an animal. He is a character that challenges the reader's sympathy and judgment, as he does both admirable and horrible things. He is also a character that reflects the paradoxes and contradictions of the human condition, such as the desire for love and the fear of rejection, the need for freedom and the longing for belonging, the search for meaning and the sense of absurdity. Some of the ways that Süskind portrays Grenouille are:
His name: His name, which means "frog" in French, suggests his amphibious nature, as he can live both in water and on land, but also his repulsive appearance, as he is described as having "a face that only a mother could love" (p. 3). His name also hints at his transformation throughout the story, as he changes from a tadpole-like creature to a fully grown frog.
His birth: His birth, which takes place in a fish market in Paris, surrounded by filth and stench, symbolizes his lowly and miserable origin, as well as his affinity with smell. His birth also foreshadows his fate, as he is almost killed by his mother, who tries to dispose of him like her previous unwanted children. His survival, however, shows his resilience and determination to live.
His childhood: His childhood, which is marked by neglect, abuse, and loneliness, shapes his personality and behavior. He grows up without any affection or education, without any friends or family, without any religion or morality. He learns to rely only on himself and his sense of smell, which becomes his source of pleasure and knowledge. He also develops a contempt and hatred for humanity, which he sees as cruel and ignorant.
His journey: His journey, which takes him from Paris to Grasse, from the city to the countryside, from the artificial to the natural, represents his quest for his own scent and identity. He encounters different people and places along the way, such as Baldini, Madame Arnulfi, the Marquis de la Taillade-Espinasse, and the cave in the mountains. He learns different skills and secrets from them, such as how to make perfumes, how to extract scents from living beings, how to fake nobility, and how to meditate. He also faces different challenges and dangers, such as poverty, illness, robbery, and persecution.
His crimes: His crimes, which consist of killing 25 young women for their scents, reveal his obsession and madness. He does not feel any remorse or guilt for his actions, as he does not see his victims as human beings but as objects. He does not care about their names or lives or feelings. He only cares about their scents, which he considers as his property and his right. He believes that he is doing something noble and beautiful by creating his perfume.
His perfume: His perfume, who gives a humorous and eccentric performance that contrasts with Grenouille's seriousness and obsession. He also cast Alan Rickman as Richis, who gives a dignified and sympathetic performance that shows his love and concern for his daughter.
What are some of the differences and similarities between the novel and the movie?
Some of the differences and similarities between the novel and the movie are:
Differences
Similarities
The movie omits some of the characters and events from the novel, such as Grenouille's childhood in the orphanage, his encounter with the plum girl, his apprenticeship with Madame Arnulfi, his meeting with the Marquis de la Taillade-Espinasse, and his journey to Montpellier.
The movie changes some of the details and sequences of the novel, such as Grenouille's first murder, which happens in a cave instead of a street, his escape from prison, which happens during a thunderstorm instead of a festival, and his death, which happens in front of Notre Dame instead of in a cemetery.
The movie adds some scenes and elements that are not in the novel, such as Grenouille's vision of his mother in the fish market, his encounter with a prostitute in Grasse, his conversation with Richis in his cell, and his smile before he dies.
The movie follows the same basic plot and structure of the novel, dividing the story into four parts: The Birth, The Apprentice Years, The Journey to Grasse, and The Triumph.
The movie retains most of the main characters and themes of the novel, such as Grenouille, Baldini, Richis, Laure, the power of smell, the quest for identity, and the dark side of human nature.
The movie uses most of the original dialogue and narration from the novel, as well as some of the descriptions and metaphors of the smells.
Conclusion
Why is Perfume: The Story of a Murderer a unique and captivating story?
Perfume: The Story of a Murderer is a unique and captivating story because it explores a topic that is rarely addressed in literature or cinema: the sense of smell. It invites the reader or viewer to enter a world where smell is the most important and powerful sense, and where it can create beauty or horror. It also tells the story of a character who is unlike any other: a man who has no scent of his own but can smell everything else. He is a character who challenges our perception and judgment, as he does both amazing and terrible things. He is a character who makes us question our own identity and humanity.
What are some of the messages and lessons it conveys?
Some of the messages and lessons that the story conveys are:
The importance of diversity: The story shows how different people have different scents, which reflect their personalities, emotions, and backgrounds. It also shows how different scents can create different reactions and impressions in others. The story celebrates the diversity and richness of smells, as well as of people.
The danger of obsession: The story shows how obsession can lead to madness and destruction. It shows how Grenouille becomes so obsessed with creating his perfume that he loses his sanity and morality. He becomes a murderer who kills innocent women for their scents. He also becomes a manipulator who uses his perfume to control and deceive others. He ultimately destroys himself by using his perfume to end his life.
The value of love: The story shows how love can be a source of happiness and meaning. It shows how Richis loves his daughter Laure more than anything else in the world. He tries to protect her from harm and to give her a good life. He also grieves for her when she dies. He is one of the few characters who shows genuine emotion and compassion in the story.
How does it appeal to different senses and emotions?
The story appeals to different senses and emotions by using various techniques, such as:
Smell: The story appeals to the sense of smell by describing various scents in detail and by evoking their effects on Grenouille or others. The story makes us imagine how different things smell like, such as flowers, fruits, animals, or people. It also makes us feel how different smells can affect our mood or behavior, such as making us happy, sad, scared, or aroused. The story stimulates our olfactory imagination and curiosity.
Sound: The story appeals to the sense of sound by using various sound effects and music that match or contrast with the scents and the scenes. The story makes us hear how different things sound like, such as thunder, water, fire, or voices. It also makes us feel how different sounds can create tension or suspense, such as silence, whispers, or screams. The story enhances our auditory experience and attention.
Sight: The story appeals to the sense of sight by using various visual cues and colors that suggest or complement the scents and the emotions. The story makes us see how different things look like, such as objects, flowers, animals, or people. It also makes us feel how different colors can create different moods and atmospheres, such as warm and bright colors for pleasant smells, or dark and cold colors for unpleasant smells. The story enriches our visual perception and appreciation.
Emotion: The story appeals to different emotions by using various techniques that make us empathize or sympathize with the characters and their situations. The story makes us feel various emotions, such as curiosity, joy, disgust, fear, or lust. It also makes us question our own emotions and judgments, as we are sometimes attracted or repelled by Grenouille or his actions. The story challenges our emotional response and understanding.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions about Perfume: The Story of a Murderer:
Is Perfume: The Story of a Murderer based on a true story?
No, Perfume: The Story of a Murderer is not based on a true story. It is a fictional story that was inspired by a book on the history of perfume. However, some of the historical and cultural details in the story are accurate, such as the names of some of the perfumers, the methods of perfume-making, and the events of the French Revolution.
What is the meaning of the title Perfume: The Story of a Murderer?
The title Perfume: The Story of a Murderer has multiple meanings. It refers to the main theme of the story, which is the power and mystery of smell. It also refers to the main character of the story, Grenouille, who is both a perfumer and a murderer. It also refers to the main plot of the story, which is Grenouille's quest to create the ultimate perfume by killing 25 young women for their scents.
What is the significance of Grenouille not having a scent of his own?
The significance of Grenouille not having a scent of his own is that it symbolizes his lack of identity and humanity. He is born without a scent, which makes him feel alienated and invisible. He also lacks a sense of self and a moral compass, which makes him indifferent and cruel. He tries to fill his emptiness by collecting and creating scents, but he never finds satisfaction or happiness. He ultimately realizes that he is nothing but a monster who cannot love or be loved.
What is the message of Grenouille's death?
The message of Grenouille's death is that he finally achieves his ultimate fantasy, which is to be loved by everyone. He uses his perfume to make everyone in Paris fall in love with him, and then he pours his perfume over himself and lets them devour him. He dies in a state of ecstasy and bliss, feeling for the first time what it means to be loved. However, his death also shows that his fantasy is an illusion and a tragedy, as he does not die as a human being but as an object of desire. He does not die as himself but as someone else.
Which one is better: the novel or the movie?
The answer to this question depends on personal preference and taste. Some people may prefer the novel because it is more detailed and descriptive, while others may prefer the movie because it is more visual and cinematic. Some people may enjoy both because they complement each other and offer different perspectives on the same story. Ultimately, both the novel and the movie are excellent works of art that deserve appreciation and admiration.
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